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The reproductive caste of a mature colony includes a wealthy female and man, known as the queen and king.61 The queen of the colony is responsible for egg production for its colony. Unlike in ants, the king mates with her life.62 In some species, the abdomen of the queen swells up dramatically to increase fecundity, a feature known as physogastrism.61 Depending on the species, the queen starts producing reproductive winged alates at a certain time of year, and huge swarms emerge in the colony when nuptial flight begins.
Termites are often compared with all the social Hymenoptera (ants and various species of bees and wasps), but their differing evolutionary origins result in major differences in life span. In the eusocial Hymenoptera, the employees are exclusively female. Men (drones) are haploid and develop from unfertilised eggs, while females (both workers and the queen) are both diploid and grow from fertilised eggs.
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Depending on species, male and female workers may have different roles in a termite colony.63.
The life cycle of a termite begins with an egg, but is different from that of a bee or ant in that it goes through a developmental process called incomplete metamorphosis, with egg, nymph and adult stages.64 Nymphs resemble little adults, and go through a series of moults as they develop.
The development of nymphs into adults can take months; the time period depends on food availability, temperature, and the general population of this colony. Since nymphs are unable to feed themselves, employees must feed them, but employees also take part in the social life of their colony and also have certain different tasks to accomplish such as foraging, building or maintaining the nest or tending to the queen.5367 Pheromones regulate the caste system in termite colonies, preventing all but a very few of the termites from becoming fertile queens.68.
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Queens of check the eusocial termite Reticulitermes speratus are effective at a long lifespan without sacrificing fecundity. These long-lived queens have a significantly lower degree of oxidative damage, including oxidative DNA damage, than workers, soldiers and nymphs.69 The lower levels of damage appear to be due to increased catalase, an enzyme that protects against oxidative stress.69.
Termite alates only leave the colony when a nuptial flight takes place. Alate males and females pair up together and then land in search of a suitable place for a colony.70 A termite king and queen do not mate until they find such a place. When they perform they excavate a room large enough for both, close up the entrance and proceed to mate.70 After mating, the set never go outdoors and spend the rest of their lives in the nest.
For instance, alates in certain species appear during the daytime in summer while others emerge during winter.71 The nuptial flight may also begin at dusk, when the alates swarm around regions with plenty of lights. The time when nuptial flight begins depends on the environmental conditions, the time of day, humidity, wind speed and precipitation.71 The number of termites in a colony also varies, with the larger species normally having 1001,000 individuals.
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The queen only lays 1020 eggs in the very early phases of the colony, but lays as many as 1,000 per day when the colony is several years old.53 At maturity, a main queen has a great capacity to lay eggs. In certain species, the adult queen includes a greatly distended abdomen and might create 40,000 eggs per day.72 Both adult ovaries may possess some 2,000 ovarioles every.73 The abdomen increases the queen's body length to several YOURURL.com times greater than prior useful content to mating and reduces her ability to move freely; attendant workers provide assistance. .
